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The durability recommendations in current standards specify minimum cement contents, minimum strength grades and maximum water/cement ratios related to exposure conditions. These parameters have gradually evolved over the years in response to the developments in materials and the demands of the construction market, but their derivation is often unclear. This discussion document reviews published information on the properties of fresh and hardened concrete in relation to water content, cement content and the ratios of water/cement on the performance of concrete. It also covers the topics of durability, rheology and strength of concrete and provisional conclusions are drawn relating to: compressive strength, carbonation, chloride ingress, corrosion rate, sulfate attack, freeze-thaw resistance, and permeability.
Prepared by a working party of The Concrete Society. Discussion document.
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